Women should avoid exposure to risk factors listed above and talk to their doctors before becoming pregnant. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams. This study aimed to identify the risk factors which were significantly associated with low birth weight lbw, birth weight less than 2500g. These lbw infants are at an increased risk of several health problems such as growth. Outlook\qtnq3xad\2 0 def of develop delay reg revision20.
Abnormal newborn weights are associated with negative effects on the health and survival of the baby and the mother. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction iugr, prematurity or other constitutional factors. In particular two chemicals, nicotine and carbon monoxide are susceptible to causing low birth weight in babies. Many maternal and fetal factors are determined as risk factors of lbw. Michael ofori fosu, iddrisu abdulrahaman, riskatu yekeen, maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district hospital in ashanti region of ghana, research in obstetrics and gynecology, vol. In this paper we report findings from a secondary analysis of data from a study which primarily assessed risk factors for preterm birth, conducted among women delivering at harare maternity hospital between march and june 1999. Birth weight is the weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth. The statistical significance level used in this study was at p low birth weight was defined using multiple logistic regressions. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like bangladesh to 57% in the developed countries.
Low birth weight lbw, defined as birth weight less than 2500 g, has a complex etiology and may. Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk factors. Low birth weight is responsible for significant costs to families, communities and health systems. In all those patients who gave birth to lbw babies risk factors were assessed. A crosssectional study was carried out in urmia city using registered data from mothers documents. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight researchgate. Feb 12, 2016 the medical terminology for a new born having weight lower than normal is low birth weight lbw.
Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of abnormal birth weight and related factors in northern region, ghana. Regarding nutritional factors 33% were mild, 47% moderate and 20% severe. Risk factors and pregnancy outcomes among gestational. Low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality.
Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of dying during the first year of life and more likely to. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. Abstract low birthweight lbw remains a significant public health problem in. Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in. Apr 24, 2017 in this study it was revealed that low birth weight is a primary risk factor for adult hypertension and the findings of this study are consistent with inverse relationship of birth weight and adult hypertension in a south asian country as well as previously shown in other geographical locations including in both developing and developed countries 8, 22. Regarding level of risk factors the obstetrical factors 63% mild, 33% moderately and 3% severely influencing the low birth weight. When a woman is between the ages of 18 and 35, she is in the prime of her childbearing years and is more likely to conceive a healthy child. It contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and childhood mortality as well as morbidity2. A low birth weight infant can be born too small, too early, or both. In this study it was revealed that low birth weight is a primary risk factor for adult hypertension and the findings of this study are consistent with inverse relationship of birth weight and adult hypertension in a south asian country as well as previously shown in other geographical locations including in both developing and developed countries 8, 22.
If a child is experiencing one of the listed biological risk factors and is. Age the age of the mother is also a factor in birth weight. Who care of the preterm and lowbirthweight newborn. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies med j malaysia vol 68 no 1 february 20 45 odds ratios were used to test the association between birth weight and maternal variables. Nov 17, 2018 the who recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience 2016 recommend midwifeled continuity of care mlcc models, where one midwife, or a group of midwives working together, provides care to a woman, newborn and her family throughout the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal continuum.
How do risk factors impact on the low birth weight. Risk factors for low birth weight in botucatu city, sp state, brazil. In low birth weight infants, the decrease of body temperature may be much greater and more rapid unless special precautions are taken immediately after birth. Many of the current explanations of risk for poor birth outcomes among aboriginal infants are unhelpful and limited to conventional risk factors 7.
Learn more about prevention on the cdcs reproductive and birth outcomes. Lowincome women who suffer from chronic psychosocial stress are at increased risk of having a lowbirthweight baby, according to findings from a study of illinois welfare recipients. This study was aimed to identify the risk factors of low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes boston. Risk factors associated with low birth weight infants in the. Jul 07, 2016 reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby expectant parents can take steps to tip the scales in favor of a newborns longterm health. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birthweight of institutionally. This can happen for many different reasons which may or may not be related. Risk factors associated with very low birth weight in a. In previous research we concluded that low socioeconomic status and. Low birth weight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces 2,500 grams. The variables including age, parity, booking status, maternal weight and height. Regarding fetal factors 62% were mild, 28% moderate and 10% were severely influencing the low birth weight. Data was categorized across risk factors and stratified by adequacy of prenatal care pnc.
Risk factors for low birth weight you are now ready to practice what you learned in this module by doing a stattutor exercise. Docrevision 0220 wv birth to three atrisk categories low birth weight 1500 gms. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies. Factors associated with low birthweight in term pregnancies.
Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term pregnancy. Regarding antenatal factors 87% mild, % moderate and no severe risk factor. Risk and protective factors for pregnancy outcomes for. Low birthweight is a widely used indicator of newborn health. Having a risk factor doesnt mean for sure that youll have a lowbirthweight baby. Some studies, however, suggest that birth weight may not be a major risk factor for development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease 6,7. This study investigates the association of birthweight may 19, 2015 children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity.
The aim of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for low birth weight, and associated perinatal morbidity and mortality in northern tanzania which will in turn help to design appropriate interventions to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes associated with lbw, and help to accelerate efforts towards millenium development goal 4. To determine frequency of low birth weight lbw at term and to determine frequency of various associated risk factors. Abstract low birthweight lbw remains a significant public. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight at. The who recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience 2016 recommend midwifeled continuity of care mlcc models, where one midwife, or a group of midwives working together, provides care to a woman, newborn and her family throughout the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal continuum. The statistical significance level used in this study was at p symptoms and causes what causes low birthweight. Pregnant women who smoke are three and a half times more likely to have an sga baby than women who dont smoke. Risk factors for the mortality of very low birth weight. The study found that the major positive risk factors for low birth weight were. Frequency of different risk factors among low birth weight newborns n56 table ii shows that 59% of mothers and 35% fathers of newborn were illiterate, 55% has no history of any chronic disease, 64%. A literature search was conducted to determine estimates of the percent of cp and mr attributable to low birth weight.
For example, smoking during pregnancy may make a baby too small growth retardation. What are the risk factor of low weight of a new born baby. Factors associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Low birth weight is defined as birth weight less than 2500 g irrespective of gestational age. Apr 02, 2009 april 2, 2009 low birth weight babies have been shown in numerous studies to have an elevated risk for heart disease in adulthood, and now a new study may help explain why researchers from.
Although countless studies have shown relationships between maternal risk factors and low birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal and infant morbidity e. Low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth. The population attributable risk percent parp was used as a measure of effect. Smoking, drinking alcohol, using street drugs and abusing prescription drugs. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth pattern. Finally, 27 article type documents 11 were obtained as shown. To the investigators knowledge in bale zone, no study has yet been done to elucidate the risk factors for low birth weight using case control study design. Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in ardabil. Maternal risk factors associated with fetal and infant mortality. Early and continuous prenatal care helps identify conditions and behaviors that can result in low birth weight babies.
Pdf maternal risk factors and consequences of low birth weight in. The mortality of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. The primary cause is premature birth, being born before 37 weeks gestation. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a low birth weight baby compared to nonsmokers 11% and 5% respectively. Risk factors for low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. Much of the incidence of low birth weight among older mothers older than 44 is due to an increase in the proportion of multiple births, as the use of. Risk factors for low birthweight in the publichospitals.
The factors vary from one area to another, depending upon geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Objectives this study examined risk and protective factors associated with very low birth weight vlbw for babies born to women receiving adequate or inadequate prenatal care. Pregnancy spacing among women aged 1544 years with a previous live birth, by raceethnicity, 20062010 raceethnicity fewer than 18 months 18 months or more limited to births occurring in the 5 years before the interview. Stattutor exercises are designed to help you apply what you have learned to a real life data analysis question. Across the world neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for low birth. April 2, 2009 lowbirthweight babies have been shown in numerous studies to have an elevated risk for heart disease in adulthood, and now a new. Low birth weight health encyclopedia university of. Risk factors associated with very low birth weight in a large. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates. Women with gdm have increased risk of preterm birth, caesarean section and larger baby. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight lbw babies.
Low birth weight has been classically associated with neonatal death, and several recent studies have corroborated that 1,5,6,18. We will focus on what be believe to be the most important causes. The highest rates of delivering a low birth weight infant are among mothers younger than 15 years and older than 45. This study investigates the association of birthweight factors related to geodemographics, maternal health and pregnancy history in public hospitals at peshawar, north west frontier province nwfp pakistan. Low birth weight lbw is one of the main risk factors that affects infant morbidity. A newborn, regardless of gestational age or birth weight, who has a greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality because of conditions or. Modifiable risk factors for low birth weight and their. Health effects low birthweight and the environment cdc. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes what causes low birthweight. In pakistan the data on risk factors associated with lbw in term babies are. More than half of multiple birth babies have low birthweight. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on. Risk factors associated with low birth weight infants in. This crosssectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology layari general hospital and dow university of health.
Even when a specific population of neonates with birth weight below 1500g is analyzed, the lower the birth weight, the greater the risk of death 7,8,14,19. Children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity. Birth weight is a crucial determinant of the development potential of the newborn. The association between low birth weight bw and risk factors for cad, hypertension and type 2 diabetes reported in various longitudinal studies 25 is in line with the developmental theory. Smokingtobacco use the 4,000 or so chemicals that come from cigarette smoke are carried through the bloodstream, which happens to be a babys only source of oxygen and nutrients. It occurs worldwide but by far more commonly in developing countries it often results from prematurity or intraut therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors to lbw delivery in our environment with a view to deriving measures to curb the incidence. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with. Prevalence of abnormal birth weight and related factors in. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country.
Risk factors for low birthweight in zimbabwean women. Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in ardabil, iran. Louis city and county from 2000 to 2009 were used n 152,590. Wv birth to three atrisk categories low birth weight 1500 gms.
Descriptive statistics of risk factors of low birth weight n56 table ii. Lbw is defined as childs birth weight lower than 2500 g. It shows fetal exposition to risk factors such as maternal unfavorable. Reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby for. Pdf low birth weight is a multifactorial problem with a wide spectrum of health related problems from its origin to later in life. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight in ardabil, iranfrom 2010 to 2011. Risk factors for low birthweight in the publichospitals at.
Reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby expectant parents can take steps to tip the scales in favor of a newborns longterm health. A lowbirthweight baby may be healthy even though he or she is small. Risk factors in your everyday life for having a lowbirthweight baby. Iap teaching slides 20152016 definitions low birth weight infant. Introduction low birth weight lbw is the most common cause of neonatal death in developing countries. The incidence of low birthweight is higher among mothers under the age of 18 or over the age of 35. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district. It is therefore imperative to identify risk factors for lbw in various communities in the country in order to come up with. Because many premature babies are born with low birthweight, many risk factors for preterm labor and premature birth are the same as for having a lowbirthweight baby.
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